This volume brings together a body of expertise gathered within ENTAN—European Non-Territorial Autonomy Network (www.entan.org), a European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action dedicated to analysing the concept of Non-Territorial Autonomy (NTA) and its potential to accommodate the needs of different ethno-cultural and ethnolinguistic communities within a single state framework. The present volume comprises a selection of 20 peer-reviewed papers originally presented at the Second ENTAN Conference, hosted by the Institute for minority Studies, Centre for Social Science in Budapest, on 24–25 September 2021. The Second Conference examined how the various NTA models have been implemented and contribute to the effective representation and participation of minorities in public life. It focused on various activities, policies and institutional structures in diverse contexts that can be considered as forms of NTA. The contributions included in this volume offer a critical eye not only on the decision of states to opt for and even constitutionally entrench NTA arrangements but also on the extent to which such arrangements meet minority demands and mitigate territorial and separatist aspirations, ethnic conflict, discrimination and socioeconomic exclusion.